In politics, the coattails effect is the impact one candidate can have on others in the same political party. The winner of a presidential election sometimes helps congressional representatives get elected too, thanks to the coattails effect.
Coattails are the long flaps at the back of a coat, and coattails effect comes from the figurative ride the coattails of, or "benefit from someone else's success." It's derogatory, implying that someone is pulled along with a successful person rather than working hard for their own achievements. In an election, the coattails effect means voting for a popular presidential candidate, then checking the boxes of others in her party almost as an afterthought.